Advantages and Disadvantages of Greenhouses with Polyethylene Film Coverings

Greenhouses are widely used both in large agricultural enterprises and in the private sector. For many farmers, berry growers, and vegetable gardeners, they provide a way to make cultivation more predictable, extend the growing season, produce early harvests, or protect plants from sudden temperature fluctuations. The materials used to cover greenhouses are constantly evolving, and demand shifts along with the development of agricultural technologies. Today, structures using polyethylene film are increasingly chosen—and for good reason.

Why Polyethylene Films?

At first glance, polyethylene may seem like just a budget-friendly material. But its popularity isn’t solely due to cost. Polyethylene films are no longer perceived as disposable coverings like in the 1990s. Modern versions feature multilayer structures, stabilizing agents, light-diffusing additives, and other components that significantly enhance their properties.

One of the key reasons for choosing polyethylene film is the ability to quickly scale up the growing area. If a farmer expands their crop or changes what they grow, film-covered greenhouses allow for adjustments without complex construction work. In regions with strong winds or sharp temperature changes, this flexibility becomes even more valuable.

Types of Greenhouse Films: How to Choose the Right Format

The market offers agricultural producers a wide range of materials—from seasonal to high-tech. The choice depends on the greenhouse’s purpose, crops grown, climate zone, structure type, and budget.

The most common greenhouse films fall into several categories:

XL Category Films are designed for large greenhouses 14 or 16 meters wide. Apart from width, they match other multilayer films in resistance to gusty wind, snow, or weather.

UV and ST Films also withstand harsh climates, so the choice often comes down to greenhouse size.

Multilayer Films with Additional Functions include UV protection and additives such as anti-fog, light diffusion, or thermal insulation—ideal for crops sensitive to light or temperature changes.

Single-layer ST Films up to 6 meters wide, with a service life of up to 36 months. These are suited for growers seeking a balance between cost and durability. For example, non-stabilized transparent film is often used for seasonal structures, temporary coverings, or auxiliary tasks.

Such flexibility allows producers to configure greenhouses for various scales—from small spring tunnels to year-round commercial operations.

Advantages of Polyethylene Film Greenhouses

Every farmer has unique experience, but some advantages are mentioned most often:

1. Cost-effectiveness and affordability. Polyethylene covers can cost 2–3 times less than alternatives, enabling startups with lower investment.

2. Quick and simple installation. Two or three people can cover a frame without special tools.

3. Flexible structures. Frames can be arched, rectangular, or modular—polyethylene suits most designs.

4. Light control. Quality film transmits and diffuses light to help plants grow evenly and reduce scorching.

5. Heat retention. The film’s structure retains daytime warmth into the night—vital in early spring.

6. Easy upgrades. UV protection, anti-fog, anti-freeze—growers can select desired properties.

7. Fast repairs. Damaged sections can be replaced locally without dismantling the whole structure.

Ultimately, this greenhouse type provides optimal growing conditions even in unstable climates. And when the season defines income, that’s critical.

Disadvantages of Polyethylene Film Greenhouses

No solution is universal, so it’s important to also address limitations:

✦ Shorter service life. Even high-quality polyethylene films last 2–5 years. Acceptable for some, a drawback for others.

✦ Sensitivity to external factors. Strong winds, mechanical damage, or improper tension can reduce lifespan.

✦ Correct installation needed. If over-stretched or sagging, wear and tear accelerates.

✦ Moisture accumulation. Without an anti-condensation layer, droplets may form and fall on plants, sometimes triggering fungal diseases.

✦ Lower insulation compared to polycarbonate structures.

However, most disadvantages relate to operational practices. Some value durability; others prioritize easy repairs or modular rebuilds.

Polyethylene film greenhouses allow flexible control over agricultural processes. They suit both small farms and large-scale berry, vegetable, herb, or seedling operations. Their popularity is not just due to lower costs. Versatility, adaptability, easy maintenance, and upgrade potential make them appealing. Modern polyethylene films are more functional and durable than they were 10–15 years ago, and the technology keeps evolving.

For some, a greenhouse means early cucumbers for the family. For others, it’s a business tool. In both cases, the covering should meet growing conditions and help achieve stable, predictable, high-quality results.